Grating.



F. E. CANDA.

GRATING. APPLICATION FILED APILZO, 1914. 1,109,61 3. Patented Sept. 1` 1914.

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UNlTED STATESPA'FENT GFFICE.

FERDINAND E. CANDA, OF NEXV YORK, N.

GRATING.

Application filed April 20, i914.

To fill wimm- 'f my con/(ern lie it known that l, FERDINAND Canna, a citizen of the lfnited States of America. and a resident of New York, in the county of New v)Qork and citate of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Gratings, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in metallic gratings-particularly Yjail door and window gratings and the like, and comprises improvements upon the grating for the same purpose illustrated and described in my Patent No. 836,130, dated June 4, 1907.

My invention consists in the novel con- `struction of the bars or members of the grating, whereby the same from rolled shapes is rendered possible, and firmly in place; and particularly ed claims.

rThe objects of iny invention are to iinprove the construction of gratings, and particularly jail gratings and the like, to make the same more secure, to 'facilitate the construction of such gratings. to conceal the joints between the members of the grating, to permit the use of rolled shapes and reduce machine work to a minimum` to provide a form of composite bar, adaptable for use in such gratings, and so formed that the principal hard steel tool-resisting cores may not be cut, and geneally to provide a grat-- ing which shall be, for equal weights and sizes of its members. stronger than other gratings heretoore produced, and vet relatively easy toI construct.

l will now proceed to describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, and will then point out the novel features in claims.

In said drawings: Figure l shows a side elevation of a grating constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. Q shows a transverse section of a portion of the grating, the section being taken through one of the channel bars and the accompanying key bar of such grating. Fig. 3 shows a front view of one of the channel bars and key bars, and a transverse section of one of the bars arranged at right angl es to such channel b Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. Q` but illustrating the use of a cover plate, and Fig. 5 is a view sim'lar to Fig. 3, but showing the all as hereinafter described the easy manufacture of whereby the bars are locked pointed out in the append- Specification of Letters Eatent.

Patented Sept. 1, 1914.

semi No. 833,159.

cover plate. Figs. (5 and T are similar to Figs. 4 and 5, respectively, but illustrate the use of a composite bar of cruciform section in lieu of the round bar shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Fig. S is a face view of a portion of the channel bar employed in cooperation with such cruciform bar. Fig. 9 is a face view of a portion of the corresponding key bar. Fig. l0 is a face view of a portion of the corresponding cover plate. Fiff. ll shows a transverse section of such cover plate. Fig. lQ shows a transverse section of a portion of the grating. Figs. 1?), 14, l5 and 1G are views indicating diagrammatically the method of and means for rolling the channel bar herein illustrated and described; said views showing fragmentary axial sections of different passes of the rolls by wnich the channel bars are formed, and showing a channel bar, in successive stages, corresponding to such passes.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings, and at first to Figs. l, Q, 3 and 1Q, numerals l designate one of the two series of cross ba of the grating, that is to say, in the constructions shown, the vertical bars. and numerals Q designate the other series of members of the grating, that is to say, in the construction shown, the horizontal members; though when desired the members .l may be horizontal. and the members Q veri tical. As shown particularly in Figs. Q and 3. the horizontal members Q each consist of two sub-bars, or sub-members, Qa and Q, the :'nembers being of partly-closed channel section. fi. being provided with lips 2. parallel to the back cr base of the channel and partly inclosing the members Qb (such members Qb being commonly termed the keys lt will be understood Athat members Qi and Qb are readily assembled, before insertion of the rods l, by inserting an end of a member Qb into an end of the channel of a member and then sliding such member Qh through the channel of member Qa. The members Qa have holes for the passage of the bars l and the members Qb have holes 4 for the passage of said bars l; and the bars l have notches 5. The holes 4 of the keys Qb are elongated, as shown particularly in Fig. 3, each hole 4 being at one end of the diameter of the main portion of the bar l. and at the other end of the diameter of the notch 5 of that bar. The construction is such, it will be seen, that When bars Qa and Qb are assembled, with the larger portions of i fr) holes 4 ot bars 2'* in registry with the corresponding holes 3 ot' bars 21, the bars 1 may be inserted through the holes del ot' the bars Qa-Qb. and then. when the notches 5 of bars are in registry with holes 4V of keys 2b. those keys may be moved lengthwise a distance sufficient to bring the narroiver portions of the holes 4 into engagement ivilh the notches 5. thereby preclnding the disengagement ot' bars 1 from bars Bars 2a and Q" may then be locked together in such relative arrangement by driving suitable rivets through registering rivet holes ii (Fig. and heading over such rivets. The grating thus assembled cannot be disassembled vvithout severing such rivets or Without cuttingf the bars in a number ot places. ln some ases as when the graling is set into a strong ivall` such rivets are unnecessary. Y

The bars by the construction described. are of such size and section, that the cutting ot' them is verv dillicult; and moreover the sub-bars 2a and 2b of these bars 2 may be ot different materials` 2'. c.. one may be of hard steel and the other of sott steel. It being Well known that it is practically impossible for a saiv, drill or other tool to vvork simultaneously in hard steel and in sott steel. it ivill be apparent that it is practically impossible. ivith facilities obtainable in a jail or the like7 to cut such a composite bar Q. lf desired, hoivevcr` both sub-bars. 2a and 2b. may be of hard material. or both may be of soft material.

To prevent the cutting of the bars l, l preferably make them of the composite corr struction illustrated in Fig. tl. wherein the bar shown comprises hard steel cores laL surrounded by a soft steel body l. Such coniposite bars are covered by my Patent No. 847,551, dated March 19, 1907.

The construction shoivn in Figs. i? and 3 is very Strong; but in some cases, objections may arise to the larger portion ot the holes 4 being visible in the completed grating. In such case, I provider` alongside the keys 2b, cover plates 7 as shoivn in Figs. 4 and These cover plates have opeiiingff 8 ot the size of the bars 1. such opilnings registering with the holes 3 of the bac-s f2, and they serve to conceal completely the holes 4 in bars 2b. These cover plates ma;v be quite thin, as they are not required for strength.

ln Figs. 6-11 inclusive, l illustrate a construction which, for "arious reasons. superior to those illustrated in Figs. Q-5 inclusive. ln such construction the vertical bars of the grating. here designated by numerals 1C. are provided with lateral projections 11. l prefer that such bars 1c shall be of the eruciform section shown. The holes 8a of channel bars 2a are of corresponding section. These bars 1c are provided with notches 5a (Fig. 6) formed by cutting through the projections 1d, and the holes 4a i l l l l i `by .such longitudinal f grating bars of one of the of the keyv bars 2h are elongated on one side, in the direction of longitudinal movement of such key-bars. to the end that movement of the key barsl` after the bars 1C have been passed through the registering openings 3a and yta, of bars Q and 2b, the bars 2" ivill ente' and engage the notches4 5a ot the bars 1C, thereby holdingthe bars 1" against rotation and against longitudinal Withdrawal. The bars Qa and il of lhe construction shown in Figs. G4) inclusive, are locked together, when the key bars have been so engaged with the bars 1C. by rivets inserted through registering rivet holes (i of the bars and 2"'. as in the construction illustrated in Figs. f5 inclusive. lin Figs. (i and T I have indicated the provision of this second construction ivith cover plates T. as in the .tirst construction described.

lfleretotore in certain jail gratings the tivo scries ot intersecting members have been sti-called laminated :steel bars. consisting oiv an annular' hard steel portion surrounded by a sott steel cover` and ivith a sott steel core inside lt` this sott steel cover be cut. thrcuggh, the bar is considerably weakened, so tar as resistance to shock is concesned. tor the hard steel portion necessarily brittle. because ot' its hardness. For this reason it ha`l4 been feared by some that gratings composed in part of such laminated bars may be .so Wea kencd. by cutting through the soft steel enter portions of such laminated bars. that at'ter such cutting the bars might be broken. Vhile this is a condition almost iini'iossible ot' occurrence in a jail or the like. still it desirable lo avoid even this possible criticism. ot' the prior laminated bars reitcrred to. The bars 1 of the construction illustrated in Figs. 3 inclusive, are tree troni criticisn'is on the ground mentioned, for the reason that the protection against cutting et the bar is attorded by a multiplicity ot' hard steel cores 1a, soft steel 1b being vvithin the space surrounded by these cores 1. as ivell as outside .such cores. lt being practically impossible to cut into the cores l2 ever if the sott steel around auch cores lH be cut through, the sott steel within the space sur rounded by such cores 1a is unaffected and therefore the strength ot' the bars 1 is not materially decreased by cutting through the sot't steel outside of the cores 1'". The cruciform section illustrated in Figs. f3 and 7 is even superior to the circulinl bars 1 illi-strated in Figs. 2 and 3. in this respect. because`r no matter hoi'v llf.

a saiv or lile or the like may be applied to the exterior et the bar l". since it is impossible to cnt through the hard steel cores l(i lying Within the projections of such eruciform structure, it is impossible to reach, With the saiv or tile, more than a very small portion indeed of the soft steel. But

lglroaeis -notches ,5a/'are readily formed inisuchliars,

inthe shop, `by means vof powerful shears. Such shears cutwthrough the lateral projections of'ithe cruciform bar, including the hardsteel cores 1d lying Within the projectionsfioftf said cruciform bar, without. diiliculty. But shears, such as vare required tor this operation, of course are not yavailable in a ail or the like'. l 1

:The cruciform bar, having hard steel cores, 14 lying Within itslateral projections, aireireadily'formed by the process described and claimed in my application tiled February 18, 1907, Sr. No. 357,853.

rThe rolling of partly closed channel bars suchias bars'Qa' and 2C has not heretofore been done',.orffound practicable, so far as I am aware; but the rolling of such bars is practicable by the methody and means illustratedin Figs. 113-16 inclusive, illustrating the said bars in several stages of the rolling operation. There is no ditliculty in rolling such bar to the form shown in Fig. 13%, wherein the bar is designated by reference number 2m. Any good designerot rolls can design suitable roll-passes to produce the section 2m. By the rolls 9 and 10 illustr f* in Fig. 14, this4 section, there designati, 2, is spread slightly with the least reduction possible. By the further rolls 11 and 12 illustrated in Fig. 15, the section, there designated 2, is spread or bent still farther toward the channel shape, and the bach or base of the channel section is made practi cally straight. The lips f2 of the channel section have, by the successive operations indicated in Figs. 14 and 15, been curved in to the oblique position illustrated in Fig. 15, (Without the touching of those lips by the rolls,) as the result of the gradual spreading o-r straightening out of the main body or back of the section, In the final pass, illus trated in Fig. 16, these lips 2C are bent dgn-rn ,y substantially parallel to the baclr or baste of.

the channel section.; this linal pass being the first of the various passes illustrated in which these lips are acted upon directly by the rolls.

In my application for Letters Patent for a composite metal bar, tiled February 19, 1914, Sr. No. 819,769 (a division of my above mentioned application Sr. No. 357,853) I have claimed a composite metal bar comprising a body of relatively soft and tough metal having interspersed through it in a spaced arrangement, a plurality of cores of relatively hard metal, said bar having in its surface longitudinal ribs, certain ci' said hard metal cores lying partly Within ribs. Therefore I have not claimed such invention broadly herein. In another application, tiled July 31, 1914, Sr( No. 854,316 I have claimed the bar of cruciform section having hard metal cores so arranged in its ribs Vas to prevent sawing through the ribs, as shown in Figs. G and 7.

It is not in all cases necessary to lock together bars 2a and 2b, by a rivet or rivets `passed through rivet'holes 6, as described,

as in many cases these gratings, When assembled, are set into massive Walls, or between frames, which themselves preclude such lateral motion of bars 2b with reference to bars 2', as would permit the removal of the bars 1.

What I claim ist-- 1. A grating comprising in combination two series of intersecting members, certain of the members ot one said series notched at intervals for engagement by the members of the other series, the members `of such other series being of composite construction and comprising each a channel bar and another bar mounted Within the channel rof such cl'iannel bar, and movable longitudinally with respect thereto, such channel bar having lips parallel to the back of such bar, inclosing the edges of the other bar, the. subbars of each such composite member having apertures which, when in registry, permit the passage oi the notched members of the Iirst seri-es, one of the bars composing each such composite vmember having, openings elongateth with to the section oi the bars of the lirst series, and reduced in Width `bar,.andvmovable? longitudinally with respect thereto, such channel bar having lips parallel to the bach of such bar inclosing the edges et the key bar, each channel bar and its corresponding key bar having apertures which, vvhen in registry, permit the passage of the notched members of the first series, the key bars having openings elongated, with respect to the section of the bars of the first. series, and reduced in Width in one portion to permit such lrey bars to enter the edges ci the bars of the first series, and thereby to lock together thc two series oi' grating members.

3. A grating comprising in combination tivo series of intersecting members, certain of the members or" one said series notched, at intervals for engagement by the members ot the other series, the members of such other series being of composite construction and comprising each a channel bar and another bar mounted Within the channel of such Channel bar, and movable longitudinally With respect thereto, such channel bar having lips parallel to the back of such bar, inclosing the edges of the other bar, the suo bars of each suoli composite member having apertures which, wnen in registry, permit the passage of the notched members of the first series, one of' the bars composing each such crmposite member having openings elongated, with respect to the section of the bars of the first series, and reduc-ed in Width in one portion to L ermit such sub-bar to enter the notches of the'bars of the first series and thereby to look together' the two se` ries of grating members, and cover plates Within the channels of such channel bars and engaged by the lips thereof, and fitting over the bars of the first series and concealing the above mentioned elongations of openings through which the bars of the first series pass.

4. A grating comprising in combination two series of' intersecting members, certain of the members of one said series notched at intervals for engagement by the members of the other series, the members of suoli other series being of composite construction, and

pass.

comprising each a channel bar and a key, bar mounted within the channel of such eliannel bar, and movable longitudinally with respect thereto, such channel bar having lips parallel to the back of such bar inclosing the edges of the key bar, eaeh channel bar and its corresponding key bar having apertures which, when in registry, permit the passage of the notched members of the first series, the key ba rs having openings elongated, with respect to vthe Section of the hars of the first series, and reduced in Width in one portion to permit such key bars to enter the edges of the bars of the first series, and thereby to lock together the two series rf grat-ing members, and cover plates Within the channels of such channel bars and en geged by the lips thereof, and fitting over the bars of the first series and concealing the above mentioned elongation of openings through which the bars of the first series ln testimony whereof I have signed this specication in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

FERDINAND E. CANDA.

Witnesses:

H. M. MARBLE, PAUL H. FRANKE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five centsieach, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,V Washington, D. C. 

